Catch of the Day (153 Fishes)
The Bible tells of Jesus and the Apostles going fishing and catching
exactly 153 fish. It so happens that 153 is a "triangular" number
(in the Pythagorean sense), being the sum of the first 17 integers,
and it's also the sum of the first five factorials. Also, 153 equals
the sum of the cubes of its digits. Moreover, if you take ANY
integer divisible by 3 and add up the cubes of its digits, then take
the result and sum the cubes of its digits, and so on, you invariably
end up at 153. For example, the number 4713 is a multiple of 3, so
we should be able to reach 153 by iteratively summing the cubes of
the digits. Let's have a look:
starting number = 4713
4^3 + 7^3 + 1^3 + 3^3 = 435
4^4 + 3^3 + 5^3 = 216
2^3 + 1^3 + 6^3 = 225
2^3 + 2^3 + 5^3 = 141
1^3 + 4^3 + 1^3 = 66
6^3 + 6^3 = 432
4^3 + 3^3 + 2^3 = 99
9^3 + 9^3 = 1458
1^3 + 4^3 + 5^3 + 8^3 = 702
7^3 + 2^3 = 351
3^3 + 5^3 + 1^3 = 153 (whew)
One wonders how much, if any, of this was known to the author of
the Gospel. Since our modern decimal number system wasn't officially
invented until much later, it might seem implausible that the number
153 was selected on the basis of any properties of its decimal digits.
On the other hand, the text does specifically state the number
verbally in explicit decimal form, i.e., "Simon Peter went up, and
drew the net to land full of great fishes, an hundred and fifty
and three: and for all there was so many, yet was not the net broken."
(John, 21:11) So rather than talking about scores or dozens, it
speaks in multiples of 100, 10, and 1.
Of course, we could perform a similar iteration on the digits of
a number in any base. One of the more interesting cases is the
base 14, in which 2/3 of all number eventually fall into a particular
cycle. Coincidentally, this cycle includes the decimal number 153,
but it also includes 26 other numbers, for a total length of 27,
which is 3 cubed (which the mystically minded should have no trouble
associating with the Trinity). The decimal values of this base-14
cycle are
9 729 1028 368 1793 738 2027 2395 1756
2925 3926 433 2213 1396 1344 1944 4185 2605
2262 2186 1347 1971 2331 3402 153 3197 198
It's interesting that although the numbers that reduce to 153 in
the decimal version of this iteration are easily characterized as
precisely those numbers that are divisible by 3, in the case of
this base-14 iteration it's much more difficult to see a consistent
pattern in the numbers that reduce to the above cycle, even though
they evidently constitute 2/3 of all numbers.
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